MPSIIIB

Club members and breeders will be aware of the information on this serious, degenerative condition which has been made available in the last couple of years. Dr Jeff Sampson from the Kennel Club spoke at our AGM in 2010 and his paper can be found on the health section of the Club’s web-site.

A test for MPSIIIB was developed in the US some years ago and a number of British breeders have been testing their dogs for some time now. About a year ago, the Club committee was minded to insert a requirement in the Code of Ethics that all dogs must be tested prior to breeding and to request further that MPSIIIB testing of all breeding animals be added as a condition for any Schipperke breeder applying to become a member of the Kennel Club’s Assured Breeder Scheme.

This did not happen, however, since around the same time, three breeders re-tested some dogs and received results which differed from the originals. It transpired that errors had occurred at a time of particular difficulty in the US lab and that the first results had been “false” negatives. The animals concerned had already been bred from but by great good fortune, no affected progeny were born although some pups were shown to be carriers. This situation was clearly very alarming and distressing, especially for the conscientious breeders involved and as a consequence, confidence in the reliability of the test was severely dented.
After careful consideration in committee, one of the involved breeders and I met with Dr Sampson at the KC in London. We had a long and detailed discussion based on previously prepared questions and Dr Sampson stressed that, notwithstanding the errors which had arisen, the test remained robust and was being offered by an internationally reputable genetics team and laboratory. Dr Shirley Quillen, the principal co-ordinator for health with the Schipperke Club of America, confirmed this view in my subsequent correspondence with her, although there had been some errors involving US test results as well, almost all around the time of staffing problems and financial cuts at the test laboratory.

An approach was then made to the Animal Health Trust in this country to see if a UK-based test could be made available. The head of the AHT, Dr Kathryn Mellersh, has now been in communication with the US lab which has recently agreed to publish its data. This will enable the AHT to explore whether their laboratories can produce a test or not.

All this may take some time, of course, and committee has become increasingly anxious that, in the meantime, breeders are continuing to mate untested dogs whose MPSIIIB status is unknown. Since the condition has not apparently fully established itself in this country, it is vital that every possible tool is utilised now to eradicate it quickly.

As a result, and taking genetic advice in to account, the committee will ask the next AGM to approve a change to the Code of Ethics to include the requirement to test all breeding dogs and bitches prior to mating. If a tested carrier is to be used for breeding, then it will be essential that all resulting puppies are also tested to determine which, if any, are carriers. The committee also intends to ask the Kennel Club to register MPSIIIB test results as it currently does in other breeds with hereditary conditions and to impose the requirement for testing as a prerequisite for any Schipperke breeder requesting membership of the Assured Breeder Scheme.

The committee is very aware of the understandable reservations which some breeders might still have about the current MPSIIIB test. After debate, however, it has concluded that the only responsible course of action at this point, is to advocate the use of the only available test in an attempt to ensure that this destructive disease does not become established in UK Schipperkes.
Further information on testing can be found at the Penn Gen lab web-site (http://www.vet.upenn.edu/penngen) and on the US bonchien web-site (http://www.bonchien.com/MPSIIIB.html) where a voluntary register of test results is maintained.

IAN MILLAR
(Health Co-ordinator)
February, 2012.

Health News

EPILEPSY STUDY

As part of its commitment to the on-going study on epilepsy being conducted by the University of Helsinki, Schipperke Club is keen to encourage members and owners to provide buccal swabs from their dogs to assist in this important project.
Swabs of saliva can easily be taken by owners, provided the dog has not eaten for an hour previously. The procedure is simple but written instructions are available [with illustrations]. Swabs can be posted direct to the return address on the illustrated instruction sheet (within one week of taking the sample. Monday is the best day on which to collect a sample and minimises the risks should postal services be a bit slow!) Please do help in this very important work. The more samples, the better! Contact Ian Millar for swabs and instructions.

Some blood testing kits are also available and if you feel able to help in this aspect of the study, please contact In Millar. Blood samples would need to be taken by a vet. The University is particularly keen to get samples from dogs diagnosed with epilepsy and from unaffected full siblings. If you have a dog who has epilepsy or know of one which you have bred, please contact the health co- ordinator, Ian Millar, in confidence, if you can help. This is an especially significant area of the research project.

Thank you!

IAN MILLAR

0131 669 2861
E-mail: ianmillar.turnlaw@btinternet.com

Epilepsy Research In Schipperkes

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in the Schipperke breed world-wide, and there is evidence of genes playing a major role in the disease predisposition.

There is an ongoing research project on the genetic background of epilepsy in Schipperkes at the University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center in Finland. The aim of the project is to identify genes and mutations underlying epilepsy in the breed in order to gain knowledge about biological processes involved in epilepsy, and to develop tools to guide diagnosis and breeding practices.

The research project was started in 2006 by collecting blood samples and performing clinical studies at The Aisti Animal Neurology Hospital, Vantaa, Finland. Twenty two dogs participated in the clinical studies. In addition to the clinically examined dogs, detailed epilepsy questionnaires were collected from 66 dogs with epilepsy. The aim of the clinical studies and the collection of epilepsy questionnaires was to evaluate the clinical picture of the disease in Schipperkes, e.g. the typical age of onset, seizure type, seizure frequency and seizure duration. Based on this study, the average age of onset of seizures was 54 months (4.5 years), range 6-108 months.

The dogs experiencing epileptic seizures were normal according to a number of clinical studies (EEG, MRI, blood biochemistry, neurological examination): no external reason for the seizures were found in the brain or in the blood count. According to the studies, the most common epilepsy type in the breed was focal secondarily generalised seizure.

In order to disentangle the genetics of epilepsy in the breed, DNA samples from a large number of epilepsy-affected and -unaffected dogs have been collected. To date, samples of 442 Schipperkes have been collected within the research project, and 101 of them have epilepsy according to the owners’ reports. Samples from 120 dogs were selected for the preliminary studies to locate the epilepsy-predisposing gene/s in the breed; this sample set included 60 dogs with epilepsy and 60 unaffected old (above 8 years) dogs. Close relatives (e.g. full siblings) were avoided in the study, as they can bias results in case-control studies. The relatedness of the dogs determines how the samples can be used in genetic studies. The large number of samples in the DNA bank facilitated the sample selection for the study, and showed the benefit of having large sample collections with good health records.

These 120 Schipperke samples were included in the LUPA project (www.eurolupa.org) funded by the 7th framework program of the European Union. Schipperkes were analysed for whole genome to identify genes and variations associated with epilepsy. The preliminary results showed genomic regions that are likely to harbour epilepsy-associated genes. In order to confirm and refine the results, more detailed studies will now be performed within these genomic regions. One of the most important methods to confirm novel findings is to replicate them in a larger sample material. Thus, sample collection is still ongoing, and the hope of the research group is that Schipperke owners will participate in this study by sending their dogs’ blood samples to the group. Both samples from epilepsy-affected and -unaffected dogs are needed.

For detailed information and instructions for sending the samples can be found at: http://www.koirangeenit.fi/Englanniksi/participate.html. Epilepsy questionnaires are collected from dogs with seizures: http://www.koirangeenit.fi/Englanniksi/questionnaires.html